operators

Quick reference of binary operators and assignment operators used with math, string, matrix, set, and table data.

Math Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`+`	addition	`sum := 3 + 4`
`-`	subtraction or negation	`diff := 10 - 3; -diff`
`*` or `×`	multiplication	`prod := 6 * 7`
`/` or `÷`	division	`q := 22 / 7`
`%`	modulus (remainder)	`r := 17 % 5`
`^`	exponentiation	`p := 2 ^ 8`

String Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`+`	concatenation	`label := "user-" + "42"`

Matrix Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`+`	element-wise addition	`c := a + b`
`-`	element-wise subtraction	`d := a - b`
`*` or `×`	element-wise multiplication	`e := a * b`
`/` or `÷`	element-wise division	`f := a / b`
`%`	element-wise modulus	`g := a % b`
`^`	element-wise power	`h := a ^ b`
`**`	matrix multiplication	`m := a ** b`
`\`	linear solve (`A \ b`)	`x := a \ b`
`·` or `•`	dot product	`dp := u · v`
`⨯`	cross product	`cp := u ⨯ v`

Set Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`∪`	union	`u := a ∪ b`
`∩`	intersection	`i := a ∩ b`
`∖`	difference	`d := a ∖ b`
`∁`	complement	`c := a ∁ b`
`Δ` (or `∆`)	symmetric difference	`s := a Δ b`
`⊆`	subset	`ok := a ⊆ b`
`⊊` (or `⊂`)	proper subset	`ok := a ⊊ b`
`⊇`	superset	`ok := a ⊇ b`
`⊋` (or `⊃`)	proper superset	`ok := a ⊋ b`
`∈`	element of	`ok := 2 ∈ a`
`∉`	not element of	`ok := 9 ∉ a`

Table Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`⋈`	inner join	`j := a ⋈ b`
`⟕`	left outer join	`j := a ⟕ b`
`⟖`	right outer join	`j := a ⟖ b`
`⟗`	full outer join	`j := a ⟗ b`
`⋉`	left semi join	`j := a ⋉ b`
`▷`	left anti join	`j := a ▷ b`

Assignment Operators

Operator	Meaning	Example
`:=`	define a new binding	`x := 10`
`=`	assign/update an existing mutable binding	`x = 11`
`+=`	add-assign (in-place update)	`x += 1`
`-=`	subtract-assign	`x -= 1`
`*=`	multiply-assign	`x *= 2`
`/=`	divide-assign	`x /= 2`
`^=`	exponent-assign (grammar form)	`x ^= 3`